Rackspace recently published a nice infographic on the evolution of programming languages. It starts with FORTRAN and COBOL and runs through Ruby on Rails (which, yes, is a framework and not a language).
Unfortunately, it omits such influential languages as Lisp, ALGOL 60 and Smalltalk. But including every important language ever would make for a pretty long infographic.
Article source: RRW http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/readwriteweb/~3/v1U8U3LbZYY/the-history-of-programming-languages-infographic.php